We employ several genetic methods.

1. Drosophila lines with only mitochondrial, but not nuclear genetic variation. See Mitolines.
2. RNAi in Drosophila and bedbugs.
3. CRISPR Cas9 lines in Drosophila.
4. The Drosophila Reference Genome Panel lines (DGRP).
5. GAL4 driver lines.